{"id":5437,"date":"2021-10-28T13:34:01","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T11:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.ki.se\/rektor\/?p=5437"},"modified":"2021-11-01T16:40:05","modified_gmt":"2021-11-01T15:40:05","slug":"det-finns-annu-inga-fullgoda-alternativ-till-djurforsok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ki.se\/rektor\/2021\/10\/28\/det-finns-annu-inga-fullgoda-alternativ-till-djurforsok\/","title":{"rendered":"Det finns \u00e4nnu inga fullgoda alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

English version below<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r en tid sedan antog EU-parlamentet med f\u00f6rkrossande majoritet (667 r\u00f6ster mot 4) en resolution med uppmaningen till EU-kommissionen att besluta om en handlingsplan f\u00f6r att fasa ut djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k inom forskning, utbildning och andra sammanhang. Beslutet har v\u00e4ckt stor uppm\u00e4rksamhet och har ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga h\u00e5ll tolkats som att EU nu konkret kommer att f\u00f6rbjuda djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det \u00e4r viktigt att betona att s\u00e5 inte \u00e4r fallet. Parlamentets resolution ska ses som ett f\u00f6rslag till kommissionen att inleda ett arbete som ska utreda m\u00f6jligheterna att fasa ut djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k p\u00e5 sikt \u2013 och att det kan finnas undantag fr\u00e5n detta eventuella framtida beslut, t ex g\u00e4llande viss medicinsk forskning. Det \u00e4r allts\u00e5 en l\u00e5ng process innan det h\u00e4r ens \u00e4r i n\u00e4rheten av att bli verklighet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den svenska ledamoten Jytte Guteland har varit en av dem som drivit fr\u00e5gan i parlamentet. I ett uttalande fr\u00e5n tidigare i \u00e5r <\/a>s\u00e4ger hon bland annat att det\u2026 \u201cFortfarande anv\u00e4nds djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k i forskning trots att det finns fullgoda alternativ. EU har redan best\u00e4mt att det \u00e4r \u00f6nskv\u00e4rt att ers\u00e4tta anv\u00e4ndningen av levande djur i f\u00f6rs\u00f6k med andra metoder. Vetenskapen har utvecklats s\u00e5 snabbt att vi nu, om inte f\u00f6rr, verkligen \u00e4r redo att p\u00e5b\u00f6rja en utfasning av djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6ken i vetenskapliga syften.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ers\u00e4tta<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e5t mig f\u00f6rst och fr\u00e4mst g\u00f6ra klart att jag sj\u00e4lvklart \u00e4r f\u00f6r att ers\u00e4tta djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k med andra metoder i de fall d\u00e4r det finns fullgoda, vetenskapligt validerade alternativ. Problemet \u00e4r att det inte finns det i alla l\u00e4gen \u2013 och inte heller l\u00e4r g\u00f6ra det inom \u00f6versk\u00e5dlig tid. Den biologiska komplexiteten g\u00f6r det v\u00e4ldigt sv\u00e5rt att hitta rena laboratoriebaserade alternativ. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e4kemedels olika effekter i hela kroppen (\u00f6nskad effekt och \u00e4ven biverkningar) kan inte i nul\u00e4get beskrivas korrekt genom att bara unders\u00f6ka ett organ, en samling odlade celler eller via datorsimulering.  Det kr\u00e4ver heldjursf\u00f6rs\u00f6k eller att m\u00e4nniska exponeras direkt utan f\u00f6reg\u00e5ende steget djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k. \u00c4r vi beredda att ta dessa i dag undvikbara risker? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vill vi forts\u00e4tta utveckla effektiva, potenta och s\u00e4kra l\u00e4kemedel och vacciner mot olika sjukdomar m\u00e5ste vi ha m\u00f6jlighet att testa dem p\u00e5 djur i olika utvecklingsfaser. Detsamma g\u00e4ller inom omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r vi beh\u00f6ver utveckla kunskapen om biologiska funktioner \u2013 medicinsk grundforskning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Covid-19<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Covid-19 har visat oss varf\u00f6r djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k beh\u00f6vs. Tidigt inleddes extremt stora anstr\u00e4ngningar f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 fram vaccin och l\u00e4kemedel mot infektionen. Det handlade bokstavligt talat om att kunna r\u00e4dda tusentals \u2013 kanske miljontals \u2013 m\u00e4nniskoliv. Effekterna ser vi i de delar av v\u00e4rlden d\u00e4r vaccineringen nu t\u00e4cker och skyddar st\u00f6rre delen av befolkningen. S\u00e5v\u00e4l smittspridning, sv\u00e5r sjukdom och d\u00f6dsfall har minskat kraftigt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I forskningen f\u00f6r att ta fram verksamma vacciner och l\u00e4kemedel ing\u00e5r testning i djur som en sj\u00e4lvklar del i processen. \u00c4ven i ett akut l\u00e4ge skulle f\u00e5 av oss knappast vara beredda att ge en stor del av befolkningen vaccin eller mediciner om vi inte vet att de fungerar eller \u00e4r att de \u00e4r s\u00e4kra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Sverige \u00e4r en \u00f6verv\u00e4ldigande majoritet positiv till att anv\u00e4nda djurtestning<\/a> vid utvecklandet av nya l\u00e4kemedel, vacciner och mediciner. De allra flesta menar att det alternativa priset \u2013 of\u00f6rm\u00e5ga att behandla, mildra och bota sjukdomar och skador \u2013 \u00e4r f\u00f6r h\u00f6gt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00e5 andra alternativ<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vi \u00e4r m\u00e5na om att vetenskaplig anv\u00e4ndning av djur endast ska ske i fall d\u00e4r det inte finns n\u00e5gra andra rimliga alternativ. Men sj\u00e4lvklart ska testning ske skonsamt, djuren ska behandlas s\u00e5 bra som m\u00f6jligt och de ska inte ska uts\u00e4ttas f\u00f6r sm\u00e4rta eller on\u00f6dig p\u00e5verkan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I modern djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6ksverksamhet \u00e4r m\u00f6jligheterna att bedriva en verksamhet p\u00e5 en h\u00f6g etisk niv\u00e5 synnerligen goda. Djurr\u00e4ttslagarna har sk\u00e4rpts och tillsynsmyndigheterna har f\u00e5tt ett tydligare uppdrag att f\u00f6lja upp och kontrollera verksamheterna. I Sverige m\u00e5ste alla djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k godk\u00e4nnas av en oberoende etisk n\u00e4mnd. I hela EU har lagar och regelverk sk\u00e4rpts i syfte att djur som anv\u00e4nds i tester ska behandlas s\u00e5 skonsamt som m\u00f6jligt. Ett f\u00f6rbud h\u00e4r skulle sannolikt inneb\u00e4ra att en stor del av testning och f\u00f6rs\u00f6k flyttas till l\u00e4nder med betydligt mindre omfattande djuretiska regler och d\u00e4r det finns en annan syn p\u00e5 hur djur b\u00f6r och ska behandlas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e4dda m\u00e4nniskoliv<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vi som arbetar med det medicinsk forskning vill att djuren ska behandlas optimalt bra. Men om vi ocks\u00e5 vill r\u00e4dda m\u00e4nniskoliv genom utvecklad medicinsk behandling, kan vi inte undvika djurtester.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karolinska Institutet bedriver djurverksamhet sedan l\u00e5ng tid. Vi har personal som \u00e4r djupt engagerad i sk\u00f6tseln av djuren och som g\u00f6r ett fantastiskt jobb varenda dag. Vi g\u00f6r allt som kan g\u00f6ras f\u00f6r att se till att tester utf\u00f6rs sm\u00e4rtfritt och s\u00e5 skonsamt som det bara g\u00e5r. Sj\u00e4lvklart uppfyller vi alla de regler och lagar som finns om djurverksamhet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU-parlamentets resolution inneb\u00e4r inte att djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k kommer att f\u00f6rbjudas inom EU i morgon eller inom den n\u00e4rmaste tiden. Men den kan inneb\u00e4ra att opinionen sv\u00e4nger kraftigt. Och det i sin tur kan leda till beslut som riskerar att inte bygga p\u00e5 genomarbetade konsekvensanalyser och faktam\u00e4ssiga underlag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sprida kunskap<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r det viktigt att vi som h\u00e5ller p\u00e5 med forskning agerar i den h\u00e4r fr\u00e5gan redan nu. Vi m\u00e5ste sprida kunskap om vad f\u00f6ljderna kan bli om djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6ken f\u00f6rbjuds utan att vi kan ers\u00e4tta dem med fullgoda alternativ. Vi m\u00e5ste ocks\u00e5 klarg\u00f6ra att dessa fullgoda alternativ inte finns i dag. Samtidigt ska vi bidra till att utveckla s\u00e5dana alternativ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den h\u00e4r debatten \u00e4r utmanande att f\u00f6ra, men den \u00e4r n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig. Vi m\u00e5ste v\u00e5ga ber\u00e4tta vad alternativkostnaden blir f\u00f6r sjuka och utsatta m\u00e4nniskor om alla djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k skulle fasas ut. L\u00e4s g\u00e4rna en nyligen publicerad text p\u00e5 The League of European Research Universities (LERU)<\/a> webbplats som tar upp den h\u00e4r fr\u00e5gan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jag har under de senaste veckorna v\u00e4ckt den h\u00e4r fr\u00e5gan i alla tillg\u00e4ngliga kanaler \u2013 nationellt och internationellt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu har tiden kommit att ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6ra den h\u00e4r diskussionen offentligt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

We still lack a full range of alternatives to animal experiments<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 2021-10-28<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some time ago, the EU parliament adopted a resolution by overwhelming majority (667 votes to 4) urging the Commission to decide on a roadmap for phasing out the use of animals for research, education and other purposes. The decision aroused considerable attention and has by many been interpreted as a definitive pledge by the EU to ban animal experiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I must impress on you that this is not the case. The resolution is to be considered a proposal to the Commission for a gradual phase-out. Exemptions can be made to any future decision, such as for the purposes of medical research. There is a long way to go before it comes to fruition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swedish MEP Jytte Guteland has been involved in pushing the issue in the partliament. In a statement made earlier in the year <\/a>she writes that \u201canimals are still being used in research despite there being perfectly good alternatives. The EU has already expressed a desire to replace living animals with other methods. Science has advanced so quickly that we can now, at last, start to phase out the use of laboratory animals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Replace<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Let me start by making it clear that I am obviously for the idea of replacing animal experimentation with other methods wherever and whenever there are perfectly good, validated options. The problem is, such options are not generally available \u2013 and probably won\u2019t be in the foreseeable future. In many cases biological complexity makes it extremely difficult to find purely lab-based alternatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The different effects of a drug on the whole body (both desired effect and adverse reactions) can currently not be described correctly simply by examining an organ, a population of cultivated cells or a computer simulation. Either we do whole-animal experiments or expose humans directly without them. Are we prepared to take such avoidable risks?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If we want to continue creating effective, potent and safe drugs and vaccines for different diseases, we must be able to test them on animals as the development process progresses. The same applies to areas where we need to learn more about biological functions; i.e., in the realm of basic medical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Covid-19<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Covid-19 has shown us why animal experiments are necessary. Scientists were soon working all out to develop vaccines and drugs to fight the infection, saving literally thousands, perhaps millions of lives. We are now seeing the fruits of their efforts in countries with high vaccine coverage. Transmission, serious illness and death have declined dramatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This process has involved animal testing. Even in an emergency, few of us would be prepared to give large numbers of people a vaccine or a drug without knowing if it was effective or safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Sweden,  the overwhelming majority of people are in favour of animal testing<\/a> for the development of new drugs and vaccines. Most people reason that the alternative cost \u2013 the inability to treat, alleviate and cure disease and injury \u2013 is too high. It goes without saying, however, that such tests are to be done with minimal discomfort to the animals, which must be treated as humanely as possible and not subjected to pain or undue distress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No other options<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Modern laboratories are particularly well-equipped to conduct animal experiments on a high ethical level. Animal rights legislation has been tightened up and inspectorates have been given a more robust mandate for monitoring and checking laboratory activities. In Sweden, for example, all animal experiments must first be approved by an independent ethical review board. Throughout the EU, laws and rules have been sharpened in order to ensure that laboratory animals are treated with the greatest possible care. A ban in EU would probably mean that much of the testing and experiments would be moved to countries with less stringent animal-ethics rules and different views on how animals should and are to be treated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saving human lives<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

All of us who work in medical research want the animals we use to be treated as well as possible. But if we also want to save human lives through advanced medical treatment, animal testing is unavoidable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karolinska Institutet has been conducting animal experiments for a long time. We have people who are deeply engaged in the care of the animals and who do sterling work every day. We do all we can to make sure that tests are done as painlessly and respectfully as possible in full compliance, naturally, with all the relevant laws and regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The EU parliament\u2019s resolution does not mean that animal experimentation will be banned within the union tomorrow or, for that matter, in the near future. But it could cause a major shift in public opinion, which could, in turn, inspire hasty decisions without proper impact analyses or factual underpinning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Informing people<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

It is therefore vital that we \u2013 the science community – act on this matter now, before it\u2019s too late. We must inform people about the possible consequences of a ban on animal research when there are no decent and reasonable options available. We must also make it clear that at this point in time we do not have sufficient alternatives. Meanwhile, we must work hard to develop them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a necessary debate and we must not shy away from explaining what the costs will be for sick and vulnerable people if all animal experimentation is phased out. A newly published text on the League of European Research Universities (LERU)<\/a> website is well worth a read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Over the past few weeks I\u2019ve raised this issue in all available channels, domestic as well as international. Time is ripe for an open discussion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

English version below F\u00f6r en tid sedan antog EU-parlamentet med f\u00f6rkrossande majoritet (667 r\u00f6ster mot 4) en resolution med uppmaningen till EU-kommissionen att besluta om en handlingsplan f\u00f6r att fasa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[279,381,466,576],"tags":[210,668,225,616,475],"class_list":["post-5437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-etik","category-forskning","category-samhalle","category-vaccin","tag-djurforsok","tag-eu-parlamentet","tag-forskning","tag-pandemin","tag-vaccin"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDet finns \u00e4nnu inga fullgoda alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k - Ole Petter Ottersen, president Karolinska Institutet 2017-2023<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ki.se\/rektor\/2021\/10\/28\/det-finns-annu-inga-fullgoda-alternativ-till-djurforsok\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Det finns \u00e4nnu inga fullgoda alternativ till djurf\u00f6rs\u00f6k - 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